Innovation and Traditionalism in Art Essay -- Art Artistic Arts Histor

I am sure that we have all, at one time or another, noticed that almost any discussion concerning the merits and demerits of art, if it goes on long enough will come to the qualities of innovation and traditionalism in regards to aesthetic value. As soon as these two qualities are mentioned, there comes an inevitable forming up of those who favor innovation and deride tradition and those who favor tradition and deride innovation. Either side usually admits only enough merit to their opposition, and limitation of their own view, to make themselves seem reasonable and objective: but the bulk of their effort goes into savaging their opponents and extolling the ultimately ascendant nature of their position. I am inclined to take neither view, but to propose a third. It is not enough that we should pursue either innovation or traditionalism simply because we have some sort of aesthetic attraction to them, such as, for example, sentimentality or novelty. There may be those who would r espond that there is simply no arguing about taste: that you like what you like and that is that. Certainly such people are right in one sense, but this response seems too simplistic and of a ‘sour grapes’ nature to convince me that this is the end of the matter. Rather, I suggest, it is the purpose to which we apply either innovation or traditionalism which dictates whether or not they have aesthetic merit: too often, our adherence to either of the two qualities becomes a thoughtless habit of our culture rather than anything useful in itself. In order to prove the viability of this qualification, I will first explore the negative and positive qualities of innovation, and the possible causes thereof. Then I will look at the negative and positive qual... ...wild beast, a tiger or some such, with whom I am trapped in a small room. There are many factors which may influence the tiger in one way or another, and while these factors, such as my experience of tigers (traditionalism), or clever new ways to influence them (innovation), are of deadly importance, the tiger remains the primary focus, or reality, in the room. Often, however, we confuse the factors for the art itself, the means for the ends, the cause for the effect. We talk of our difficulty about defining art in empirical terms, as if it were an elusive fog of wraiths, a "veil of unknowing", or an ethereal mist of fleeting experiences: we are unable to ever really grasp the identity of what we seek to define. Maybe this is true, but every now and again I am sure I see something strangely beautiful, terrifyingly real, gracefully elusive, gliding through the vapours.

What Dog are You?

Dogs are one of the few animals that are considered as pets and are usually domesticated by man. These canines are usually groomed to become guards or simply a home-buddy and best friend. Others spend time, efforts and money to teach their pet dogs certain tricks and abilities. Dogs, in general, are friendly and kind to their master/s while aloof and sometimes can pose threat to strangers. In current times, dogs are associated with their masters in terms of attitude, physical appearance, and abilities. In these regards, I would like to take into account the breed Saluki and its similarities to myself. Saluki, pronounced as Sa-loo-key, is a pure breed that can be traced as far back as 3 500 B. C. The relevance of this claim can be identified through an inspection of paintings found inside the Egyptian pyramids and tombs. It also regarded as special and at some places worshiped in the Middle East regions (Brown, 1968). Murawski elaborated that Saluki plays a significant role for the Egyptians. It is revered and is known as ‘el hor’ or ‘noble one’ There is even a tradition that when a saluki died, the family that owns it shaved off their eyebrows. It is also known as Persian greyhound or gazelle greyhound (O’Neil, 2007). Saluki is originally used by the Bedouin tribe to hunt for gazelles. Gazelles, by the way, are considered as the quickest of all antelopes (Murawski, 2001). This illustrates that Saluki’s are fast runners. According to dogbreedinfo. com, Saluki’s run at top speed of 40 mph. In Bitain and some parts of Europe, Saluki is prized for their hunting skills to bring down an agile hare (Hom, 2008 ). Saluki is usually compared or at times confused as greyhound. This is due to the fact that both are ‘gazehounds, hunting by sight and have similar body type (Allsen, 2006)’. Both of them exhibit features such as ‘long legs and deep chest which are built for speed and endurance (Allsen, 2006 )’. The difference between the two breeds is their ears. Allsen, (2006), described that greyhounds are known for their pricked and short ears that differ from saluki which are pendulous and long and at time feathered or has longer furs. I can relate myself with Saluki in terms of temperament. Saluki’s are sensitive which highly demonstrates my perceptive side. I am critical of another person’s emotion/s and of what other people think. I always take into consideration other people especially when they will be affected by decision/s. Saluki is also even-tempered, that is they do not get mad easy. Although, I sometimes get mood swings when really irritable circumstances are present, I usually try to understand the logic behind things before reacting. This attitude could reflect being even-tempered since I do not react easily when triggered by heated or annoying events. Other characters of saluki includes being gentle and affectionate (Burke, 2005). In my opinion I am not really an aggressive type when in comes to my friends and families. However, like a Saluki, I seldom show my affection. I am barely a demonstrative type. Thus, people often think I am taking them for granted when in fact I just don’t want to show my emotional side. Burke (2005) elaborated that Saluki are happy in the company of other Saluki. Well, this seems to generally portray my own temperament. For one I only make friends with people who have common traits with me. One cannot be close and happy with someone you cannot connect anything about. I am a magnanimous and generous type of person especially to friends. I am also sincere to my friends and family. When something wrong happens to anyone of them there’s this natural tendency in me to retaliate. Saluki, according to O’Neil (2007) is ideal for active people. They are recommended outdoors due to their running skills and instinct. They are basically inactive indoors. This means they are quiet, clean and enjoys as much attention, just like a cat (Burke, 2005). I think I am very much the same since I am really quiet at home but a bit more active outdoors. In the outdoors I am a bit more talkative. I can express myself more freely with friends than family members. I enjoy camping and swimming outdoors most specifically in places I haven’t been. Camping makes me feel refreshed and free. Saluki is known to be a good watchdog (Burke, 2005). Although, of course I am not a watchman or a guard, I often watch other people and, as mentioned above, reflect on their possible position regarding a certain issue. It is not as though I am trying to learn mind reading. It is simply taking into account what their views would be and how I will or can be affected by them. As explained, Salukis are prominent hunters. They are known as hunter millennium ago and they are still used to hunt in some Middle East countries up until today. Despite their non-aggressive nature towards humans, dogbreedinfo. com explained that it is Saluki’s natural instinct to kill or chase non-canine animals. Thus, it is recommended that obedience training are needed to keep their hunting instinct under control. Well, I don’t possess such hunting instinct myself. But I believe I am not an obedient type either. I believe that humans are embedded with their capacity to reason and think for themselves. Thus, at times it is simply hard to follow everything that your parents or elders say. There are occasions when I disobey rules but I guess it is normal for people to do things this way. It is like testing the limits of my ability and luck. My favorite sport is soccer which is like hunting in the sense that the goal is to get the ball. Somehow, I am also a fast runner but not as fast as the Saluki, I mean, I cannot outrun a gazelle but I am confident that my running skills are good enough especially in the soccer field. In the soccer game, the Saluki abilities reflected my own since I also need to be watchful and to try to get hold of the ball as much as possible. Physically, Saluki has thin body type with long legs. Basically I am also medium built. Although I am not as thin as Salukis are. Brown quoted Morrow in commenting that ‘Saluki’s look as if they undergone 7 weeks of famine’. I don’t really look like that. But at least I am not a fat type of guy or a muscle builder type. I also don’t have long legs; I guess my legs are normal for my height. Saluki’s has feathered fur in the ear area which somehow resembles my curly hair, according to my friends. My friends and family agree that I do resemble some of Saluki’s attitude although I do not look so much like a Saluki. My abilities do resemble some of those portrayed by Saluki such as good running skills. Nevertheless, I am not as thin as Saluki and I am not so much as a hunter type. I believe that I best display Saluki’s abilities in the soccer field. I enjoy the outdoors as much as Saluki does. Trying to relate myself to a dog is something that uncovers my inner self. In doing this essay I did amazing discovery regarding some parts of my attitude that are too blatant for me to pay attention to. A dog indeed resembles some human abilities and a certain type of dog can be appropriate for certain types of person. As for me, I guess a saluki is not a bad match. I prefer saluki than a shiatsu or a poodle, that’s for sure.

What Is Global Warming - 1553 Words

INTRODUCTION What is global warming? Everybody in this day and age has an idea or at least a vague representation of what the term global warming is or what it entails, a simple definition culled from livescience.com explains global warming as follows â€Å" Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate†. Some of the terms that will be used frequently are explained below; Climate:The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period of time. Climate change: The change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns that last for an extended or long period of time Anthropogenic: Resulting from the influence of human beings on nature (simply put; caused by humans) Greenhouse gases: Any gas that absorbs infrared radiation in the atmosphere, Examples of greenhouse gases important to this discussion are: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Nitrous Oxide e.t.c This point of this essay, as the topic identifies, is to discuss global warming and the actions taken. Therefore the breadth of this essay will discuss Global warming; Its Causes, Its Effects and Its Solutions. Causes Global warming occurs when greenhouse gases (e.g CO2) collect in the atmosphere, trapping the heat or solar radiation that have bounced off the surface of the earth in the atmosphere, which then causes an increase in the Earth’sShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Global Warming?930 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Global Warming? How has Global Warming affected Malà ©, Maldives? Where is Male and Maldives? INTRODUCTION The Republic of Maldives is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 800 KM from the southern tip of India. It is made up of about 1200 islands and atolls. Male is the capital city of Maldives. With a total of 153,379 people, it is also the most populous city in the Maldives.. Male has an area of 5.8 km ² and is one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Ironically, MaldivesRead MoreWhat Is Global Warming?1058 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is global warming? Global warming is the increase of the earth’s average surface temperature, due to the effect of greenhouse gases; such as carbon dioxide emissions by burning fossil fuels and deforestation. The Greenhouse then traps these gases which creates heat that would otherwise escape from earth. This is what you would call a greenhouse effect. These Greenhouse gases mainly consist of water vapour. As we know, this isn’t directly caused by humankind in significant amounts. HoweverRead MoreEssay on What is Global Warming?1232 Words   |  5 Pagesdont know what is going to happen tomorrow. Life is a crazy ride, and nothing is guaranteed. The film An Inconvenient Truth shows us what will happen in the future if we continue to produce waste and pollution. We are the cause of global warming. Global warming turns the earth into an oven. Each year the overall temperature raise, causing more natural disaster and dry lands. If we let this continues, we might even end up in the same wasteland shown in the film Wall-E. Global warming happens whenRead MoreGlobal Warming : What Causes It?1224 Words   |  5 PagesKellie Blakkan Ben Bates Speech 101 19 October, 2017 Global Warming General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience what global warming is? What causes it? What effects it has on earth and its inhabitants? And what are some possible solutions? Introduction: Attention Getter: Has anyone here heard of the butterfly effect? Well, it is the concept that small causes have large effects. For example, the notion of a butterfly fluttering in Rio de Janeiro could change the weatherRead MoreWhat Is Deforestation and Global Warming994 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming Global warming is when the earth heats up (the temperature rises). It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This hurts many people, animals, and plants. Many cannot take the change, so they die. The greenhouse effect is when the temperature rises because the sun’s heat and light is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere. This is like when heatRead MoreWhat Does Global Warming Mean?797 Words   |  3 Pages Global Warming Have you ever asked yourself what does the global warming mean? What is it caused by? According to Dictionary.com global warming means, â€Å"An increase in the earths average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect.† Svante Arrhenius, the Swedish chemist who coined the term of global warming in 1896 and launched the theory, says that the burning of fossil fuels will increase the amount of carbon dioxide in theRead MoreGlobal Warming : What Everybody Knows1259 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is an issue that has caused a great deal of situations and problems. This global phenomenon may have been induced by humans and their activities. However, climate change has a significant impact on humans. According to Dr. H. Steven Moffic from the Medical College of Wisconsin â€Å"people have heard about global warming for years, However, they don’t always think the issues are already here.† (C asper, 2010, p.92). Global Warming: What Everybody Knows Issues that everybody knows aboutRead MoreWhat Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming?1513 Words   |  7 Pages What Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming? One can not disagree with the fact that the Earth s climate is changing and it has genuinely become a global problem for mankind. It goes without saying that the fact of the global climate change is confirmed by scientific observations and is not disputed by most scholars. And yet, apparently, there are ongoing discussions around this topic. Some use the term global warming and make apocalyptic predictions, while others predict the onsetRead MoreWhat Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming?1508 Words   |  7 Pages What are the risks of climate change and global warming? Type in your name EDRD plus your Section number Type in the Instructor’s name February 20, 2015 Abstract One of the largest problems fronting the world today is global warming. Many experts believe that our makings of carbon dioxide and extra greenhouse gases have a heating effect on the troposphere, and this can be very hazardous to human life. This research paper will explore the issue of global warming and propose ways toRead MoreGlobal warming is being caused by humans, not the sun. What is global warming? Carbon dioxide and600 Words   |  3 Pages Global warming is being caused by humans, not the sun. What is global warming? Carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the suns heat and causing the planet to warm up. Coal-burning power plants are the largest U.S. source of carbon dioxide pollution -- they produce 2.5 billion tons every year. Automobiles, the second largest source, create nearly 1.5 billion tons of CO2 annually. The planet is changing faster than expected

Social Inequality - 1011 Words

Section I - Dimensions of Social Inequality Begin by identifying yourself on the dimensions commonly associated with social inequalities: social class (income, wealth, (current and intended) education level, occupational prestige (associated with current or planned career), race, ethnicity, and gender. In addition, you might also identify yourself on dimensions associated with less traditional inequalities, such as national origin,, sexual identity or preference, age, weight, able-bodiedness, and so forth. Explain where you fit and how that affects the life chances for you and others like you. Use theoretical concepts and empirical findings from class materials, other relevant research, and archival data sources to describe and analyze†¦show more content†¦By helping others I would help myself. Being 37 years old currently, and in my early 40’s by the time I achieve this goal, I would be at time in my life where the distractions would be minimal. I am a happily married man and most of my children will be out o f the house and on their own. FUTURE SOCIAL INEQUALITIES IN TWENTY YEARS Mortality studies show that social inequalities in health include, but are not confined to, worse health among the poor. There is a social gradient; mortality rises with decreasing socio-economic status. Three large sample studies, one British and two American, brought together for their complementarity in samples, measures, and design, all show similar social gradients for adult men and women in physical and mental morbidity and in psychological well-being. These gradients are observed both with educational and occupational status and are not explained by parents social status or lack of an intact family during childhood. They are also not accounted for by intelligence measured in school. This suggests that indirect selection cannot account for inequalities in health. Possible mediators that link social position to physical and mental health include smoking and features of the psycho-social environment at work and outside. Increasing social inequalities in health in the United States and elsewhere, coupled with growing inequalities in income and wealth, have refocusedShow MoreRelatedSocial Inequalities By Jonathan Kozal Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagessimultaneously believe that schools are places where social inequalities should be equalized, where the advantages or disadvantages that children experience in their homes and families should not determine what happens to them in school-in essence, that school is a place where children should have equal chances to make the most of their potential.† (Inequality) The 1991 article Savage Inequalities written by Jonathan Kozal highlights the fact that every person is entitled to the right to receiveRead MoreSocial Inequality : Inequality And Inequality3119 Words   |  13 Pages Core Assessment Paper Carrie Bailey Park University Social Inequality in My Life Social inequality is described by the presence of unequal opportunities and rewards for various social positions or statuses inside a society or group. It contains organized and repetitive examples of unequal distributions of goods, riches, opportunities, prizes, and disciplines. Racism, for instance, is comprehended to be a wonder whereby access to rights and resources is unreasonably disseminatedRead MoreInequality : Global And Social Inequality1330 Words   |  6 PagesInequality has been shown throughout American history and has affected various countries including the United States. The two forms of inequality this paper will address are global and social inequality. Social inequality refers to the distribution of resources based on socially defined characteristics, while global inequality is the systematic differences in wealth and power between countries. Children living in poverty don’t have the same opportunities as those who live in a higher income countyRead M ore Social inequality in 1820s Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesSocial inequality in 1820s Social equality has been a goal of America since its very beginning. However, it was only an intention to be socially equal, but not a goal. Social equality or the fact that all men were created equal only applied to the white man. There was no intention in meaning that the blacks and Indians or even the women were equal. In the eyes of the delegates, and the common white majority, blacks, indians, and women were not an issue. To them, it was apparent that blacks wereRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2091 Words   |  9 PagesSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal opportunities for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages, and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequ ality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics . AmericansRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2163 Words   |  9 Pagesn AmericaSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics believe that racialRead MoreSocial Inequality1778 Words   |  8 PagesSocial inequality  refers to a situation in which individual groups in a society do not have equal  social status,  social class, and  social circle. Areas of social inequality include  voting rights,freedom of speech  and assembly, the extent of  property rights  and access to  education,  health care, quality  housing,  traveling,  transportation,  vacationing  and other social goods and services. Apart from that it can also be seen in the quality of family and neighbourhood life, occupation,  job satisfactionRead MoreEssay on Social Inequality Between Men and Women1102 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many forms of social inequality that can be analyzed in the study of anthropology. One of these is the social inequality between men and women. Though gender is studied relatively commonly in the field of anthropology, it is not often looked at through the lens of social inequalit y. The observations of Sarah Lamb and Deborah Tannen in their articles, The Politics of Dirt and Gender: Body Techniques in Bengali India, and Whos Interrupting?: Issues of Dominance and Control, respectivelyRead MoreSocial Inequality : A Part Of Sports1080 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: Social inequality is a part of many issues other than sports, but it is a part of sports to do several issues such as gender roles, salary and stereotypes. The Significance: The significance of this topic of inequality in sports is that it does not just occur in sports. It happens all around us, you see social inequality happening at work places, schools, restaurants and many other places. Many people don’t see if because they don’t know what it is. Population: Many people think it onlyRead MoreThe Social Issue Of The Income Inequality Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe social issue of the income inequality In today’s modern world, as the technology has developed better daily, whereas the gap referred to income inequality between rich and poor still has not solved but has widened. Income inequality simply refers to the extent to which income is unevenly and unreasonably distributed in manner among a population. The inequality brings economic instability, but sadly most people are not relatively concerned about the wide inequality between classes. Ever since

Legalizing Marijuana Help or Hindrance Essay - 1009 Words

There is no denying that there are problems with the marijuana laws currently in place in the United States. Left and right, there are people using marijuana with blatant disregard to the fact that it is, in fact, prohibited. The black market for marijuana is surging out of control. As a result of this, drug-related street crimes have become more prevalent, which, in turn, has increased the number of offenders in prison for those crimes. This is very costly to the United States government. Also, there are personal dangers involved with buying drugs on the black market. By legalizing marijuana, the government could help solve the problems caused by the laws that are currently in place. Several effects of marijuana prohibition have to do†¦show more content†¦Only the drug users would be forced to pay the extra taxes, but everyone in the country could reap the benefits. The deficit is a huge problem; another major problem that has arisen because marijuana is illegal is the increase in the number of drug-related street crimes. Since marijuana is so expensive, drug users often don’t have the means to pay for it. A large number of drug buyers come from low-income families, which only enforces that inability to afford the drugs they use. Also, an article on WebMD points out that although marijuana is not considered a physically addictive drug, it is psychologically addictive and often causes the same symptoms (â€Å"Marijuana Use†). Users’ rational thought is sometimes impaired by the intense need to fulfill their drug addictions. This leads to increased levels of violent crimes such as robbery, assault, even murder. Legalizing marijuana would allow the government to control the market, which would decrease the drug-related crime rates. It would also completely eradicate the number of marijuana-related crimes, such as trafficking and possession. Today, almost sixty thousand people are incarcerated for marijuana-related offenses at a time. The combined number of arrests for the most violent crimes (murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery) still does not exceed the number of people incarcerated for disobeying marijuana laws. At an expense of over twenty thousand dollars each per year, the yearly cost

Race Class and Gender in Learning Free Essays

Race, Class, and Gender in Learning Strayer University There is no simple definition or answer when one asks the question, â€Å"What is the purpose of education in adult learning. † To justly answer or define this question one most first ask one definitive question that will provide three important variables. Ultimately, we must ask â€Å"Who is asking this question? † simply, what is this person’s background, are they a WASP or a minority? What is their social class? Are they male or female? The answers to these questions will provide a contextual framework and starting point in which can genuinely begin to answer our original question, â€Å"What is the purpose of education in adult learning? † The values and norms developed in institutions such as education are authored by the dominant culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Race Class and Gender in Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now In American society, White Anglo Saxon Protestants (WASPS) are the authors of the dominant culture. Unfortunately, there are major disparities between White European Americans and other minorities. These inequalities are prevalent in every American institution, including education. Blacks and other people of color are underrepresented in all types of adult education (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007). Traditionally, statistics show that minorities do not participate in adult education. Some researchers cite racism as a barrier to adult education. Adult educators have examined how the invisibility/norm of Whiteness has affected adult education, curriculum, theories, evaluation criteria, and instructional practices (Manglitz, 2003). Researchers found that racism in adult education was not intentional; many adult educators were unaware of the extent to which theories and research reinforce White racist attitudes and assumptions, thus sustaining the perpetuation of inequalities ( Colin Preciphs, 1991). Some researchers have contended that socioeconomic status not race is the major barrier in adult education. Socioeconomic status is America is highly stratified; only a very small percentage of the population owns all of the wealth, power and influence in American society. In adult education, when social class is the focus, the aim of the analysis and subsequent action is to bring about a change from a capitalist political economy to a classes socialist form of government (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007). Some researchers argue that a classless society would result in more participation in not only adult education but in education in general. Usually those categorized in classes lower than middle class tend to have limited educational experiences. When considering race and class we must examine the inequality of gender in adult education. Feminist have placed gender, and gender as it intersects with race and class (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007). Statistics have shown that women are increasingly participating in adult education, despite this women still experience inequality in the classroom. Some argue that content knowledge, theories and research encountered in the classroom is still heavily influenced by American patriarchal dominance. Along with addressing the questions of Race, Class and Gender one most also account for the theories of Critical Theory, Postmodernism and Feminist Pedagogy. These 3 theories will give us a clue into how educators can contextualize the learning experience for each variable (race, gender and class). Each theory offers its own explanation on how the adult learning process should be conducted or imporved. First we will examine critical theory and its context to education. Critical Theory’s aim is to transform and improve society through the use of criticism (Henslin, 2008) Critical Theory defines its social critique through the use of social problems often citing â€Å"systems† as part of the problem. The â€Å"system† in a critical theory analysis is an institution (such as government or education) that functions to reproduce the status quo (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007, p. 253). Social institutions exist to positively regulate, order and control members of its society ( Henslin 2008), the institution of education seeks to do the same. Although ideally the institution of education is supposed to improve society, critical theorists often cite the â€Å"status quo† of education as hindering a learner’s experience. Critical Theorist argue that in adult learning there needs to be a paradigm shift in the status quo. Should learning be centered around technology or should more attention be given to emancipatory learning? Essentially critical theorist desire critique the status quo in hopes of developing one that is appropriate and equal to all learners. Postmodernism is a term that is widely used in many fields, such as literature, art, architecture, history, and philosophy. By definition, postmodernism resists definition (Kerka 1997). Postmodernism like Critical theory questions the status quo. Technically one cannot define postmodernism as a theory. According to Kerka postmodernism is a (Kerka, 1997)â€Å"form of questioning, an attitude, or perspective. † Postmodernism never accepts the truth as absolute and sees truth as ever changing. One can make the contention that postmodernism is part of the foundation of adult learning. Concepts popular with adult learning such as transformative learning or narratives urge learners to question their own â€Å"truth† thus by definition, inviting the learner to practice postmodernism. As one would suspect, Feminist Pedagogy is derived from feminist theory. The feminist theory is based in liberation and the feminist pedagogy seeks to create a liberatory learning environment and it also focuses on the concerns of women in the teaching-learning transaction (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007). Traditionally a woman is characterized as a docile nurturing human being but rarely as an authority or as assertive. Feminist pedagogy seeks to liberate a woman from this role in the classroom and urges her to be assertive and firm as a learner and to â€Å"find acceptance for her ideas in the public world† (Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, Tarule, 1986, p. 20). The liberatory classroom allows for this sort of transformation. As potential adult educators we have to consider â€Å"what is the purpose of education? † for learners and how that question should be answered individually. As we have seen, that answer varies for each learner. We must be vigilant considering each learners diverse background and constantly examine and revamp the status quo to ensure that each learner’s background is included. Works Cited Henslin, J. (2008). Sociology : A Down To Earth Approach. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Kerka, S. (1997). Postmodernism and Adult Education. Trends and Issues Alerts. ERIC Clearing House on Adult, Career and Vocational Education. Manglitz, E. (2003, Feb). Challenging White Privilege in Adult Education : A Critical Review of Literature. Adult Education Quarterly , p. 119. Merriam, S. B. , Caffarella, R. S. , Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in Adulthood : A Comprehensive Guide. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. How to cite Race Class and Gender in Learning, Papers

Case Study Analysis for Vanuatus Broken Dreams - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCase Study Analysis for Vanuatus Broken Dreams. Answer: Ethical and governing issues presented in Vanuatus broken dream video The government of Vanuatu is corrupt, involved in the theft of money that is supposed to be used in improving the life of the community and misappropriation of funds. The ferry services in Vanuatu are extremely expensive and unreliable. The local people are exploited by carrying heavy loads such as cement. This is human labor that benefits only the politicians and the civil servants in the government. The politicians in Vanuatu are maximizing the opportunity of money that is brought by tourists for their benefit (Mellor and Jabes, p. 112). Even the prime minister points out that corruption has become endemic since everyone including the civil servants is corrupt. Theft of cash brought in by the tourist is public knowledge to the local community. However, the people of Vanuatu are scared to say who has the money, where the money is or what the money is being used for. Finding out how much money has been squandered and stolen is hard for the investigators since there are no financial r ecords or explanations from the people. It is evident that islanders are scared of pointing fingers at the politicians and civil servants. There is also an unequal distribution of resources and services. Improved facilities such as toilets have been set up on the island. Unfortunately, these facilities are off-limits for the local community; only tourists have access to the toilets that have a septic system and running water. The government of Vanuatu lacks an integrated system to ensure development that will lead to economic and social improvement of the people of Vanuatu (Friel et al., p. 251). The people in Vanuatu keep wondering where the thousands of dollars that come in as a result of tourists coming to the port goes. Misappropriation of development funds is an issue that has been addressed by the European Union in May 2017 as stated by the Pacific island report. The local communities hoped for good health, electricity, good water system and proper sanitation in the rural areas due to the thousands of dollars that were flowing into the island. However, the money is not properly used, and the lives of the people of Vanuatu is barely changed (Lambach, p. 408). Tourism governance involves; making policies, planning and regulating the delivery and use of services. Tourism policies ensure that the tourism sector is efficient and delivers benefits to the community, sets an administrative framework for tourism, makes sure the tourism sector works properly and remains competitive and makes sure there is interaction with other policies such as the environment or transport policies. The government represents the whole system, the right processes and also controls the management both internally and externally ensuring that the interests of all the stakeholders are protected. The governance of Vanuatu does not have proper tourism policies. The people in the local communities are just farmers with no experience of dealing with cash flow. Politicians and civil servants have therefore taken advantage of the peoples ignorance for their benefit. For instance, the financial reports of 2004 to 2012 have never been published or documented (Bramwell and Lane , p. 415). This is a clear cover-up of corruption and theft of government funds. Unaccountability due to lack of records of the use of finances encourages the embezzlement of funds. Tourism planning ensures that the society, the environment, and the economy are beneficiaries of the tourism sector. The planning involves maximizing the benefits while the costs are minimized to ensure social and economic development by regulating the system. Vanuatus hope for better living where improved facilities and services are accessible remains a dream. The government does not have a proper tourism planning strategy. The money that could be used to promote the development of basic water systems, electrification and infrastructure is stolen (Roe et al., p. 14) by the people in the government. Ethical issues of PO cruises The PO cruises did not act ethically in this case. Tourism is one of the sectors that contribute to fast regional and economic development of any country because it contributes greatly to national income. Unfortunately, this is not the case for the local communities of Vanuatu because the PO cruises do not bring sustainable tourism. Sustainability means permanence, and therefore tourism that is sustainable ensures minimum social, ecological and cultural impacts while maximizing the use of resources. There is no improvement of the life of the people due to the arrival of the cruise liners. In fact, improved facilities such as toilets are constructed just for the tourists. Even the basic water system that is the only symbol of development is used to supply water for toilets that are used by tourists only. When they leave the island of Vanuatu, these toilets are locked until the next season the tourists are on the island. Responsible entities in addressing the presented issues The local government is also responsible for ensuring sustainable tourism. The government has the expertise of dealing with cash inflow and the ability to set up projects that benefit the whole nation. It will, therefore, ensure equal distribution of resources and social amenities to all the communities. Setting up of improved and accessible facilities (Ritchie, p 290) for the people of Vanuatu across the communities should be a priority for the government. The government should ensure transparency in the expenditure of funds and disbursement of government property. This transparency should involve proper and clear documentation of financial reports every year. This will help the government and citizens in identifying corrupt practices in all the sectors and hence national accountability of the finances in the country. Appropriate punishment should be administered to individuals and corporates that engage in corruption and misuse of government property. Publishing financial reports will provide clear explanations and answers to the people on how the money is spent and ensure accountability on the government. The government should regulate prices of commodities and services to ensure that they are affordable and accessible to the local communities. This will improve the economy and hence the lives of the people. The people are poor and cannot afford expensive items such as cooking gas. The policies of the local bank are also too hard for them to bank their cash. The local community also has a role in dealing with corruption and theft of money acquired from tourism. The knowledge they have about who steals the money and where the money is being used should be exposed without fear. The people of Vanuatu are scared of mentioning the names of the people who are responsible for the corrupt practices. However, they have begun fighting back against corruption by taking the future into their own hands. This is an important step as the people have the power to elect leaders, who are not corrupt (Shkabatur, p 180) and have the interests of the people at heart. The role of the Australian and Vanuatus government The Australian government provides a huge amount of aid to Vanuatu. The interest of the government of Australia is to promote economic growth and reduce poverty on the island. The Australian government aid program could work towards stabilizing the economy of the island since for most Australians; Vanuatu is a place for their holidays. However, Vanuatu is a developing country and implementation of a successful development goal can face a lot of challenges. The Australian government could, therefore, work closely with the government of Vanuatu towards a development goal. The accountability of Vanuatus government would involve proper documentation of financial reports especially those that come as aid from Australia. This assessment of the effectiveness of the process will help reduce corrupt practices and theft of money in Vanuatu (Wainwright, pp. 490). There should also be constant evaluation of the performance and progress of the program. The government of Vanuatu could have helped resolve issues and heal their land. It is sad to point out that the leadership of Vanuatu is wanting since the levels of corruption are high within the government. However, individuals within the government who could even point out that corruption has become endemic have a role to fight for the country and the rights of the people. They could pass policies that could ensure resources are accessible to the people. For instance, banking policies that are favorable to the people will improve the economy significantly. The government could also build up trust with the people and other governments that provide aid to the country. Recommendations to overcome such issues in the future The people of Vanuatu should elect corrupt free leaders in the future. Human poverty, poor sanitation, and poor public health are among the issues that affect the local communities directly. This could change in the future since the people have the power to choose leaders who have the interests of the people at heart during the next elections. Establishment of international interventions is also crucial. Corruption has a cross-border dimension in an economy that is globalized. A legal framework for dealing with corruption internationally is therefore important. Transparency of the expenses by the government and access to information to everybody will help in mitigating corruption and theft of money. The allocation and use of public facilities and services will be public knowledge to all the citizens thus restoring their trust in the government. A good relationship between the government and the citizens will be healthy for economic growth. References Bramwell, B. and Lane, B., 2011. Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,19(4-5), pp.411-421. Friel, S., Chiang, T.L., Cho, Y., Guo, Y., Hashimoto, H., Jayasinghe, S., Loring, B., Matheson, D., Nguyen, H.T. and Rao, M., 2011. freedom to lead a life we have reason to value? A spotlight on health inequity in the Asia Pacific region.Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health,23(2), pp.246-263. Lambach, D., 2006. Security, development and the Australian security discourse about failed states.Australian Journal of Political Science,41(3), pp.407-418. Mellor, T. and Jabes, J., 2004. Governance in the Pacific: Focus for Action: 2005-2009 (Pacific studies series). Ritchie, J.B. and Crouch, G.I., 2003.The competitive destination: A sustainable tourism perspective. Cabi. Roe, D., Ashley, C., Page, S. and Meyer, D., 2004. Tourism and the poor analysing and interpreting tourism statistics from a poverty perspective. Shkabatur, J., 2012. Transparency with (out) accountability: Open government in the United States. Wainwright, E., 2003. Responding to state failurethe case of Australia and Solomon Islands.Australian Journal of International Affairs,57(3), pp.485-498.